[:en]Goebel M. I. Hummel
The designer of Hummel was a nun named Berta Hummel who was born in a family of artists in Bavaria, Germany.
In 1927, Berta studied in the Munich Art Academy. She had began demonstrating her artistic talents during high school, and in 1931 she graduated as a top student in national exams. After graduation she chose an internship at a local church, and in August 22nd, 1933, she was officially given the Christian name Maria Innocentia and the following year made the religious oath.
Since then, Hummel began her own variety of creativity and determined her main creative style – little chubby children illustrated with a touch of humour. At that time, Nazi propaganda was focused on “blond” Aryan race and described her creations as “vulgar and naive works”.
Nonetheless, her lively sense of humour was transmitted through her endearing, childlike works and gained wide public recognition.
The famous German Goebel porcelain factory transformed Hummel’s paintings into lively porcelain dolls. The Goebel porcelain factory has always been famous for porcelain, vases, tableware and other daily necessities, and pieces from world-class artists. During World War II, the Goebel porcelain factory was forced to shut down, but after the war, permission was immediately granted to resume production of the most popular porcelain souvenirs amongst American soldiers stationed in Germany.
Colouring each item often takes a whole day, as all the processes must be hand-painted by a trained artist. After colouring is completed, the artist will stamp the year of manufacture onto the piece. Each porcelain mould is discarded after 20 times of usage, and therefore, there will be slight nuances of colours, sizes and shapes. Every genuine MI Hummel porcelain is attached with an exclusive corresponding number and the names of craftsmen in every porcelain piece.[:de]Goebel M. I. Hummel
Die Designerin und Nonne Berta Hummel zeigte früh ein natürliches Talent für Kunst, welches in der Oberstufe bereits deutlich erkannt wurde. Fortan studierte Berta Hummel an der Münchner Kunstakademie und schloss nach 4 Jahren mit einer der Jahrgangsbesten das Studium ab. Durch ein Praktikum in einer örtlichen Kirche, konnte sie sich der sowohl der Religion als auch der Kunst widmen.
Hummel begann ihre eigene Kreativität mit dem Entwerfen von den heute so bekannten pummeligen Kindchenfiguren auszuleben. Zu jener Zeit wurden ihre Werke jedoch durch die nationalsozialistischen Propaganda, welche diese als “vulgär” oder auch “einfaches Handwerk” nannten, abgewertet.
Trotz all dem entwarf Hummel weiterhin ihre charakteristischen und humorvollen Figuren, welche internationalen Zuspruch fanden und immer beliebter wurden.
Das deutsche Porzellanunternehmen Goebel, welches vor allem für ihre Vasen, Tischdekorationen und anderen alltäglichen Nützlichkeit bekannt war, stellte unteranderem auch Exemplare von anderen bekannten Künstlern her worunter nun auch Hummel gehören wird. Während des Zweiten Weltkrieges, wurde der Betrieb gezwungen die Produktion einzustellen, was die Leitung aber nicht davon abhielt die Kreationen Hummels in Porzellanfiguren umzusetzen und diese gleich nach dem Ende des Weltkrieges der Öffentlichkeit zu präsentieren. Eine besondere Beliebtheit fanden die Figürchen als Souvenir für Amerikanische Soldaten, welche zwischenzeitlich in Deutschland stationiert wurden.
Das Färben jedes Einzelteils dauert oft einen ganzen Tag, da alle Prozesse von einem ausgebildeten Spezialisten handbemalt werden müssen. Nach dem Färben stempelt der jeweilige Künstler das Baujahr auf sein Handwerk. Jede Porzellanform wird nach 20-maligem Gebrauch entsorgt, wodurch leichte Nuancen von Farben, Größen und Formen auftreten. Neben MI Hummel gibt es auch Berta Hummel, die die Zulassungsbescheinigung aus dem Sießener Kloster nicht erhalten hat. Solche Stücke sind ohne die Hummel-Nummer. Jedes echte und MI Hummel Porzellan ist mit einer exklusiven und entsprechenden Nummer und den Namen der Handwerker in jedem Porzellanstück ausgezeichnet.[:zh]德国高宝喜姆瓷偶 (Goebel M. I. Hummel)
德国高宝瓷器工厂的喜姆娃娃是世界闻名的极具收藏价值的立式手工瓷偶。
喜姆瓷偶的诞生
喜姆瓷偶的妈妈，也就是设计者，是一位名叫 Berta Hummel 的修女，出生于德国巴伐利亚州的一个艺术世家。
Berta Hummel portrait
1927 年 Berta 前往慕尼黑艺术学院学习，在学校期间展现出了她极高的艺术天赋。1931年她以年级第一的身份通过了国家画师考试毕业。而艺术和宗教总是紧密相关的，她在学校期间不仅有很好的修女朋友，也曾积极投身当地教堂组织的活动。毕业之后她选择在当地教堂进行实习，1933 年 8 月 22 日正式任职并被赐予教名 Maria Innocentia 并于次年进行了宗教宣誓。
此后，喜姆修女开始了她自己的各种创作，并确定下了她的主要创作风格——在玩耍的、小小的、有点胖胖的甚至有点滑稽的小孩。当时纳粹着重宣传“金发碧眼”的雅利安人种，把她的创作称为“低俗而颓废的幼稚作品”。尽管如此，她的这些幽默生动、惹人喜爱、充满童趣的作品还是获得了民众的广泛认可，画展和画集发行都无比成功。可惜的是，喜姆修女 1944 年二战结束前患上了胸膜炎，由于战时医疗条件的缺乏转而恶化成肺结核。 1946 年喜姆修女去世，年仅37岁，留下了 2000 多件画作。
而把喜姆修女的画作转化成生动活泼的瓷偶的正是德国大名鼎鼎的 Goebel 高宝瓷器厂。高宝瓷器厂一向以精品系列瓷器闻名，除了餐具花瓶等日常用品之外，和世界级大师艺术家合作的摆设和装饰件更是每件皆是经典之作。在 1934 年，高宝瓷器厂主弗朗茨·高宝先生拜访了喜姆修女及其所在的修道院院长，并从修道院取得了将喜姆修女的画作制作成瓷偶的许可。次年的莱比锡瓷器展上，喜姆瓷偶受到了极大的追捧，当年便有几千件销往美国。在二战中高宝瓷器厂被迫停产，而战后美占区司令立即给予了高宝恢复生产的许可，从而使高宝瓷偶成为了驻德美国士兵回家必带的纪念品之一。1977年，美国喜姆瓷偶收藏协会成立，如今在美国有20万会员，在欧洲有6万会员。美国著名第一夫人 Betty Ford 自己也有一套珍藏版。在美国甚至有一年一度的喜姆瓷偶节 Hummel Festival，每年都有逾 30000 人与会参观购买。
喜姆瓷偶的制作过程及收藏价值
喜姆修女遗留下来的艺术画作总共约 2000 多件，现今仍由她所居住的 Sießen 修道院所保存。其中约 600 多件作品已经被制作成瓷偶问世。而每一个瓷偶造型，每一次将一副喜姆修女的作品变成立体的瓷偶，都要耗时数年，而后再由 Sießen 修道院认证其符合喜姆修女的创作风格，才可以开始生产。然而，每一尊瓷偶，仅仅是上色就往往需要一整天的时间，因为所有的过程必须由训练有素的画师手工上色。每一次着色完毕后，画师都会在瓷偶底座上加盖带有生产年份的 Goebel 厂印，这也使得收藏者们有了明确的收藏鉴赏依据。同时，每一个瓷偶模子，最多用 20 次之后就会被立即销毁，所以，即使是市面上同一款的喜姆瓷偶，都会有颜色、大小和造型上的细微差距。当然，说道厂印我们不得不提的是，市面上除了 M.I. Hummel 之外还有 Berta Hummel 的喜姆瓷偶，所有 Berta Hummel 瓷偶虽然也源自喜姆修女画作，但是没有经过Sießen修道院授权认证，没有喜姆编号，没有 M.I. Hummel 标示，仅有Goebel高宝标记，但大多数不是在德国本土生产。每一件正品 M.I. Hummel 喜姆瓷偶除了所对应的专属编号之外，还有一份收藏鉴定书。
除了喜姆瓷偶的稀有性和独一性之外，其本身所包含的艺术价值也是不容忽视的。首先这些瓷偶的主题都是来自于喜姆修女的画作，其特点是构图形式简约，人物造型十分可爱，并且略带小孩特有的憨态，细节刻画生动，所表现的生活场景总是能够勾起人们的回忆。其次，在从画作转化成立体瓷偶的过程中，即是一次艺术再创作的过程，资深的雕刻工匠大师，在历时3年左右的反复设计和上百次制模尝试后，最后定型一种设计形态，再经过反复考量，最后精心上色。所以为了表示对他们的尊敬，国外所有喜姆瓷偶的收藏目录上，都会在每一款瓷偶的说明中加上该工匠的名字。
此外，从升值空间来说，喜姆瓷偶仅产于德国，在欧洲、美洲都有广泛的认知度和相当大的收藏市场，其全手工的生产过程所导致的产品差异性，以及其所搭配的鉴定书和喜姆瓷偶年鉴式编号都决定了其保值的特性和相当大的升值空间。
[:fr]Goebel M. I. Hummel
Berta Hummel, une religieuse d’origine bavaroise issue d’une famille d’artistes, est la créatrice de la marque Hummel.
En 1927, Berta étudie à la Munich Art Academy. Elle avait commencé à démontrer ses talents artistiques au lycée et, en 1931, elle obtint son diplôme comme meilleure étudiante aux examens nationaux. À la fin de ses études, elle décida de faire un stage à l’église locale et, en août 1933, elle prononça officiellement ses vœux et reçut le nom chrétien de Maria Innocentia.
À partir de ce moment, Hummel a commencé avec sa production artistique unique, qui la distingue encore, représentant des enfants drôles et joufflus. A l’époque, ses œuvres n’étaient pas appréciées par le régime nazi, qui les considérait comme „vulgaires et naïves“, car elles ne représentaient pas „l’idéal aryen“. Cependant, il a réussi à obtenir une large acceptation et reconnaissance du public grâce à l’humour, à la tendresse et à l’innocence de ses créations.
La célèbre manufacture de porcelaine allemande Goebel a décidé de transformer les peintures de Hummel en poupées de porcelaine aux couleurs vives. Cette marque s’est toujours distinguée par sa porcelaine, ses vases, sa vaisselle et ses autres objets de tous les jours. Pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, le Goebel a été contraint de fermer ses portes, mais avec la fin de la guerre, il a repris sa production de céramique qui est devenue par la suite le souvenir le plus populaire parmi les soldats américains.
La coloration de chaque élément prend souvent une journée entière, car chaque pièce doit être peinte à la main par un artiste qualifié. Une fois la coloration terminée, l’artiste appose l’année de fabrication sur la pièce. Chaque moule en porcelaine est jeté au bout de 20 fois d’utilisation. C’est pourquoi la porcelaine présente peu de différences de couleur de forme et de taille. En plus de chaque porcelaine produite par M. I. Hummel, un numéro et le nom de l’artisan qui l’a produite sont joints, de manière à le rendre unique.[:KO]Goebel M. I. Hummel
Hummel Porcelain
The designer of Hummel was a nun named Berta Hummel who was born in a family of artists in Bavaria, Germany.
In 1927, Berta studied in the Munich Art Academy. She had began demonstrating her artistic talents during high school, and in 1931 she graduated as a top student in national exams. After graduation she chose an internship at a local church, and in August 22nd, 1933, she was officially given the Christian name Maria Innocentia and the following year made the religious oath.
Since then, Hummel began her own variety of creativity and determined her main creative style – little chubby children illustrated with a touch of humour. At that time, Nazi propaganda was focused on “blond” Aryan race and described her creations as “vulgar and naive works”.
Nonetheless, her lively sense of humour was transmitted through her endearing, childlike works and gained wide public recognition.
The famous German Goebel porcelain factory transformed Hummel’s paintings into lively porcelain dolls. The Goebel porcelain factory has always been famous for porcelain, vases, tableware and other daily necessities, and pieces from world-class artists. During World War II, the Goebel porcelain factory was forced to shut down, but after the war, permission was immediately granted to resume production of the most popular porcelain souvenirs amongst American soldiers stationed in Germany.
Hummel porcelain production process and the value of the collection
Colouring each item often takes a whole day, as all the processes must be hand-painted by a trained artist. After colouring is completed, the artist will stamp the year of manufacture onto the piece. Each porcelain mould is discarded after 20 times of usage, and therefore, there will be slight nuances of colours, sizes and shapes. In addition to MI Hummel there is also Berta Hummel, which has not received the authorisation certification from the Sießen monastery. Such pieces are without the Hummel number, marked with MI Hummel and Goebel tags KBA tags only, and most are not produced locally in Germany. Every genuine MI Hummel porcelain is attached with an exclusive corresponding number and the names of craftsmen in every porcelain piece.[:es]Goebel M. I. Hummel
Hummel Porcelain
The designer of Hummel was a nun named Berta Hummel who was born in a family of artists in Bavaria, Germany.
In 1927, Berta studied in the Munich Art Academy. She had began demonstrating her artistic talents during high school, and in 1931 she graduated as a top student in national exams. After graduation she chose an internship at a local church, and in August 22nd, 1933, she was officially given the Christian name Maria Innocentia and the following year made the religious oath.
Since then, Hummel began her own variety of creativity and determined her main creative style – little chubby children illustrated with a touch of humour. At that time, Nazi propaganda was focused on “blond” Aryan race and described her creations as “vulgar and naive works”.
Nonetheless, her lively sense of humour was transmitted through her endearing, childlike works and gained wide public recognition.
The famous German Goebel porcelain factory transformed Hummel’s paintings into lively porcelain dolls. The Goebel porcelain factory has always been famous for porcelain, vases, tableware and other daily necessities, and pieces from world-class artists. During World War II, the Goebel porcelain factory was forced to shut down, but after the war, permission was immediately granted to resume production of the most popular porcelain souvenirs amongst American soldiers stationed in Germany.
Hummel porcelain production process and the value of the collection
Colouring each item often takes a whole day, as all the processes must be hand-painted by a trained artist. After colouring is completed, the artist will stamp the year of manufacture onto the piece. Each porcelain mould is discarded after 20 times of usage, and therefore, there will be slight nuances of colours, sizes and shapes. In addition to MI Hummel there is also Berta Hummel, which has not received the authorisation certification from the Sießen monastery. Such pieces are without the Hummel number, marked with MI Hummel and Goebel tags KBA tags only, and most are not produced locally in Germany. Every genuine MI Hummel porcelain is attached with an exclusive corresponding number and the names of craftsmen in every porcelain piece.[:it]Goebel M. I. Hummel
Berta Hummel, suora di origini bavaresi proveniente da una famiglia di artisti, fu l’ideatrice del marchio Hummel.
Nel 1927 studiò all’Accademia delle Belle Arti di Monaco, dove iniziò a manifestare la sua propensione per l’arte e dove nel 1931 si diplomò a pieni voti. Con la fine degli studi, decise di iniziare un’internato presso la chiesa locale e nell’agosto del 1933 prese ufficialmente i voti e le venne attribuito il nome cristiano di Maria Innocentia.
Da quel momento in poi Hummel iniziò con la sua produzione artistica unica, che tutt’ora la contraddistingue, rappresentando buffi bambini paffutelli. Ai tempi però le sue opere non venivano apprezzate dal regime nazista, il quale le considerava „volgari e naive“, poiché non raffiguravano „l’ideale ariano“. Riuscì comunque ad ottenere largo consenso e riconoscimento tra il pubblico grazie all’umorismo, la tenerezza e l’innocenza delle sue creazioni.
La celebre fabbrica tedesca di porcellane Goebel decise di trasformare i dipinti di Hummel in vivaci bambole di porcellana, anche se questo marchio realizzava in primo luogo porcellane, vasi, stoviglie e altri articoli per l’uso quotidiano. Durante la Seconda Guerra Mondiale, la Goebel fu costretta a chiudere, ma con la fine della guerra riprese la sua produzione di ceramiche che successivamente divennero il souvenir più popolare tra i soldati americani.
Solitamente viene impiegata un’intera giornata per decorare un singolo articolo, poiché deve essere dipinto interamente a mano da artisti qualificati. Dopo la colorazione, il pittore imprime l’anno di manifattura sul prodotto. Ogni stampo per la porcellana viene scartato dopo venti utilizzi, per questo le porcellane presentano scarse differenze di colore, nella forme e la misura. Inoltre ad ogni porcellana prodotta da M. I. Hummel viene allegato un numero e il nome dell’artigiano che l’ha realizzata, così da renderla unica.[:ru]Goebel M. I. Hummel
Hummel Porcelain
The designer of Hummel was a nun named Berta Hummel who was born in a family of artists in Bavaria, Germany.
In 1927, Berta studied in the Munich Art Academy. She had began demonstrating her artistic talents during high school, and in 1931 she graduated as a top student in national exams. After graduation she chose an internship at a local church, and in August 22nd, 1933, she was officially given the Christian name Maria Innocentia and the following year made the religious oath.
Since then, Hummel began her own variety of creativity and determined her main creative style – little chubby children illustrated with a touch of humour. At that time, Nazi propaganda was focused on “blond” Aryan race and described her creations as “vulgar and naive works”.
Nonetheless, her lively sense of humour was transmitted through her endearing, childlike works and gained wide public recognition.
The famous German Goebel porcelain factory transformed Hummel’s paintings into lively porcelain dolls. The Goebel porcelain factory has always been famous for porcelain, vases, tableware and other daily necessities, and pieces from world-class artists. During World War II, the Goebel porcelain factory was forced to shut down, but after the war, permission was immediately granted to resume production of the most popular porcelain souvenirs amongst American soldiers stationed in Germany.
Hummel porcelain production process and the value of the collection
Colouring each item often takes a whole day, as all the processes must be hand-painted by a trained artist. After colouring is completed, the artist will stamp the year of manufacture onto the piece. Each porcelain mould is discarded after 20 times of usage, and therefore, there will be slight nuances of colours, sizes and shapes. In addition to MI Hummel there is also Berta Hummel, which has not received the authorisation certification from the Sießen monastery. Such pieces are without the Hummel number, marked with MI Hummel and Goebel tags KBA tags only, and most are not produced locally in Germany. Every genuine MI Hummel porcelain is attached with an exclusive corresponding number and the names of craftsmen in every porcelain piece.[:]